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Biology — Questions with Solutions

16 solved Biology questions from General Awareness, as asked in SSC CGL and other SSC exams. Read the answer and explanation below, then practise the full set in the practice section.

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Q1. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce:

माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया को कोशिका का पावरहाउस कहा जाता है क्योंकि वे क्या उत्पन्न करते हैं?

  1. A. DNA
  2. B. ATP
  3. C. RNA
  4. D. Glucose

Solution

Mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

Q2. Which gland is often referred to as the 'Master Gland' of the human body?

किस ग्रंथि को अक्सर मानव शरीर की 'मास्टर ग्रंथि' (Master Gland) कहा जाता है?

  1. A. Thyroid
  2. B. Adrenal
  3. C. Pituitary
  4. D. Pancreas

Solution

The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it controls the functions of many other endocrine glands.

Q3. The process of 'Nitrification' in the nitrogen cycle involves:

नाइट्रोजन चक्र में 'नाइट्रीकरण' (Nitrification) की प्रक्रिया में क्या शामिल है?

  1. A. Conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia
  2. B. Conversion of ammonia to nitrites and then nitrates
  3. C. Release of nitrogen back into the atmosphere
  4. D. Absorption of nitrogen by animals

Solution

Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.

Q4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding fats and oils?

वसा और तेल (fats and oils) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन गलत है?

  1. A. Fats and oils get reduced over time and smell bad
  2. B. Fats and oils are oxidised, they become rancid.
  3. C. Antioxidants are added to foods containing fats and oil to prevent oxidation.
  4. D. Chips manufacturers usually flush bags of chips with Nitrogen to prevent the chips from getting rancid.

Solution

Fats and oils do not get reduced; they get oxidised (rancidity), which makes statement 1 incorrect.

Q5. Which of the following is an inactivated (killed) polio vaccine developed in 1952?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा 1952 में विकसित एक निष्क्रिय (मारा गया) पोलियो वैक्सीन है?

  1. A. Salk vaccine
  2. B. Imvanex vaccine
  3. C. HDCV vaccine
  4. D. TAB vaccine

Solution

The Salk vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk in 1952, was the first effective inactivated polio vaccine.

Q6. Hubbardia heptaneuron, which has become endangered, is a species of which of the following?

हबर्डिया हेप्टान्यूरोन (Hubbardia heptaneuron), जो लुप्तप्राय हो गया है, निम्नलिखित में से किसकी एक प्रजाति है?

  1. A. Grass
  2. B. Bamboo
  3. C. Tiger
  4. D. Crane

Solution

Hubbardia heptaneuron is an endangered species of grass that is endemic to the Western Ghats of India.

Q7. Which of the following is a non-perishable food?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन एक खराब न होने वाला (non-perishable) भोजन है?

  1. A. Pulses
  2. B. Meat
  3. C. Curds
  4. D. Milk

Solution

Pulses (dried legumes) are non-perishable foods because they have very low moisture content and can be stored for long periods.

Q8. Which organisms are classified as Aves?

किन जीवों को 'एवीज़' (Aves) के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया गया है?

  1. A. Fishes
  2. B. Frogs
  3. C. Snakes
  4. D. Birds

Solution

The class Aves in the animal kingdom includes all birds, characterized by feathers and a beak.

Q9. Lysosomes primarily function in cells to:

लाइसोसोम मुख्य रूप से कोशिकाओं में क्या कार्य करते हैं?

  1. A. Synthesize proteins
  2. B. Perform intracellular digestion
  3. C. Generate energy
  4. D. Store genetic data

Solution

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and primarily perform intracellular digestion and waste removal.

Q10. Which gland in the human body secretes insulin?

मानव शरीर में कौन सी ग्रंथि इंसुलिन स्रावित करती है?

  1. A. Thyroid
  2. B. Pancreas
  3. C. Pituitary
  4. D. Adrenal

Solution

Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas.

Q11. Which gland in the human body secretes insulin?

मानव शरीर में कौन सी ग्रंथि इंसुलिन स्रावित करती है?

  1. A. Thyroid
  2. B. Pancreas
  3. C. Pituitary
  4. D. Adrenal

Solution

Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas.

Q12. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

गॉल्जी उपकरण का प्राथमिक कार्य क्या है?

  1. A. ATP production
  2. B. Protein modification
  3. C. Lipid synthesis
  4. D. DNA replication

Solution

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

Q13. The growth form of a plant, comprising its size, shape and orientation is known as:

एक पौधे के विकास के रूप को, जिसमें उसका आकार, आकृति और अभिविन्यास शामिल है, क्या कहा जाता है?

  1. A. habit
  2. B. environment
  3. C. habitat
  4. D. growth pattern

Solution

In botany, the general appearance, growth form, or architectural style of a plant is scientifically referred to as its 'habit'.

Q14. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT regarding the grade of organisation and its example?

  1. A. Cellular grade organisation - Sycon
  2. B. Protoplasmic grade organisation - Paramecium
  3. C. Cell-tissue grade organisation - Jellyfish
  4. D. Tissue-organ grade organisation - Euplectella

Solution

Euplectella (a sponge) exhibits a cellular grade of organization, not a tissue-organ grade, making this pair incorrect.

Q15. Which of the following statements best defines the monoecious?

  1. A. A flower with both androecium and gynoecium
  2. B. A flower with dithecous
  3. C. A flower with gynoecium only
  4. D. A flower with androecium only

Solution

A monoecious plant or flower is one that contains both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive organs.

Q16. Which condition, also known as icterus, causes a yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes?

  1. A. Ichthyosis
  2. B. Jaundice
  3. C. Eczema
  4. D. Pemphigus

Solution

Jaundice, medically known as icterus, is characterized by the yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels.