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Geography — Questions with Solutions

27 solved Geography questions from General Awareness, as asked in SSC CGL and other SSC exams. Read the answer and explanation below, then practise the full set in the practice section.

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Q1. Under the Indus Waters Treaty (1960), India has unrestricted rights over which set of rivers?

सिंधु जल संधि (1960) के तहत, भारत को किन नदियों के समूह पर अप्रतिबंधित अधिकार प्राप्त है?

  1. A. Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
  2. B. Ravi, Beas, Satluj
  3. C. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi
  4. D. Indus, Beas, Satluj

Solution

Under the Indus Waters Treaty, the waters of the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej) were allocated to India for unrestricted use.

Q2. The 'Curzon Line' is the boundary between:

'कर्जन रेखा' (Curzon Line) किनके बीच की सीमा है?

  1. A. India and Pakistan
  2. B. Poland and Russia
  3. C. North and South Korea
  4. D. USA and Canada

Solution

The Curzon Line was proposed as an armistice line between Poland and Soviet Russia during the Polish-Soviet War.

Q3. Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the most explosive activity and high-viscosity lava?

किस प्रकार के ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट की विशेषता सबसे विस्फोटक गतिविधि और उच्च-श्यानता वाला लावा है?

  1. A. Hawaiian
  2. B. Strombolian
  3. C. Plinian
  4. D. Icelandic

Solution

Plinian eruptions are highly explosive volcanic eruptions characterised by columns of volcanic debris and high-viscosity lava.

Q4. Which layer of the atmosphere contains Ozone Layer?

वायुमंडल की किस परत में ओजोन परत (Ozone Layer) होती है?

  1. A. Troposphere
  2. B. Stratosphere
  3. C. Mesosphere
  4. D. Thermosphere

Solution

The ozone layer is primarily found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, protecting Earth from harmful UV radiation.

Q5. Hot local wind that flows over north India in summer is known as:

गर्मियों में उत्तर भारत में बहने वाली गर्म स्थानीय हवा को किस रूप में जाना जाता है?

  1. A. Loo
  2. B. Chinook
  3. C. Mango showers
  4. D. Purga

Solution

The strong, hot, and dry summer wind blowing over North India is called Loo.

Q6. What is the length of Indian Railways network, according to Railway Yearbook 2019-20?

रेलवे ईयरबुक 2019-20 के अनुसार, भारतीय रेलवे नेटवर्क की लंबाई कितनी है?

  1. A. $67,956\text{ km}$
  2. B. $1,604\text{ km}$
  3. C. $63,950\text{ km}$
  4. D. $2,402\text{ km}$

Solution

As per the 2019-20 yearbook, the total route length of Indian Railways was 67,956 km.

Q7. Which of the following is in geographical proximity to Sri Lanka?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन श्रीलंका के भौगोलिक रूप से निकट है?

  1. A. Only Karaikal
  2. B. Karaikal and Yanam
  3. C. Mahe
  4. D. Only Yanam

Solution

Karaikal, a part of the Union Territory of Puducherry, is situated on the Coromandel coast in closer geographical proximity to Sri Lanka compared to the other options.

Q8. The climate of a place is NOT affected by which of the following?

किसी स्थान की जलवायु निम्नलिखित में से किससे प्रभावित नहीं होती है?

  1. A. Relief
  2. B. Type of soil
  3. C. Location
  4. D. Distance from the sea

Solution

Climate is affected by latitude, altitude, relief, distance from the sea, etc. The type of soil is a result of climate, not a primary factor affecting it.

Q9. According to the Indian Railways (2019-2020), which state has the largest railway track in India?

भारतीय रेलवे (2019-2020) के अनुसार, भारत में किस राज्य में सबसे बड़ा रेलवे ट्रैक (रूट किलोमीटर) है?

  1. A. Punjab
  2. B. Haryana
  3. C. Madhya Pradesh
  4. D. Uttar Pradesh

Solution

Uttar Pradesh has the highest route kilometers of railway tracks in India.

Q10. Which landslide type features rotational backward movement of the displaced material?

किस प्रकार के भूस्खलन में विस्थापित सामग्री का घूर्णी पीछे की ओर (rotational backward) संचलन होता है?

  1. A. Rockslide
  2. B. Rock fall
  3. C. Slump
  4. D. Debris fall

Solution

A slump is a form of mass wasting that occurs when a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials moves a short distance down a slope, characterized by a rotational backward movement.

Q11. Assertion (A): Population explosion happens when death rates drop sharply while birth rates stay elevated. Reason (R): Changes in societal reproductive patterns occur immediately with healthcare advancements.

कथन (A): जनसंख्या विस्फोट तब होता है जब जन्म दर उच्च रहने के साथ मृत्यु दर में तेजी से गिरावट आती है। कारण (R): स्वास्थ्य सेवा की प्रगति के साथ सामाजिक प्रजनन पैटर्न में तुरंत बदलाव होते हैं।

  1. A. Both A and R true, R explains A
  2. B. Both true, R does not explain A
  3. C. A true, R false
  4. D. A false, R true

Solution

A is true (this represents stage 2 of demographic transition). R is false because reproductive patterns take generations to change, not immediately.

Q12. Population density refers to:

जनसंख्या घनत्व (Population density) से क्या तात्पर्य है?

  1. A. Individuals per household
  2. B. Persons per square kilometre
  3. C. Persons per geographic region
  4. D. Persons per district

Solution

Population density is universally measured as the number of individuals living per unit of area, typically per square kilometre.

Q13. Assertion (A): The first nationwide census in independent India was conducted in 1951. Reason (R): Census operations are held every ten years in India.

दावा (A): स्वतंत्र भारत में पहली राष्ट्रव्यापी जनगणना 1951 में आयोजित की गई थी। कारण (R): भारत में हर दस साल में जनगणना कार्य आयोजित किए जाते हैं।

  1. A. Both A and R are true, and R explains A
  2. B. Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
  3. C. A is true, but R is false
  4. D. A is false, but R is true

Solution

Both statements are factual, but the reason for the first census being in 1951 was independence (1947), not merely the 10-year rule.

Q14. Which of the following best distinguishes a delta from an estuary?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा डेल्टा और एश्चुअरी (estuary) के बीच सबसे अच्छा अंतर बताता है?

  1. A. Delta forms by river deposition; estuary by tidal action
  2. B. Delta has deep channels only
  3. C. Estuary always has freshwater only
  4. D. Delta forms only in deserts

Solution

Deltas are formed by deposition of sediment at a river mouth, while estuaries are coastal transition zones mixed by tides.

Q15. Which of the following is a mineral-based industry?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा खनिज आधारित (mineral-based) उद्योग है?

  1. A. Paper
  2. B. Sugar
  3. C. Iron and steel
  4. D. Cotton textiles

Solution

Iron and steel industry relies on mineral ores (iron ore, coal, limestone) as raw materials.

Q16. Assertion (A): The first nationwide census in independent India was conducted in 1951. Reason (R): Census operations are held every ten years in India.

दावा (A): स्वतंत्र भारत में पहली राष्ट्रव्यापी जनगणना 1951 में आयोजित की गई थी। कारण (R): भारत में हर दस साल में जनगणना कार्य आयोजित किए जाते हैं।

  1. A. Both A and R are true, and R explains A
  2. B. Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
  3. C. A is true, but R is false
  4. D. A is false, but R is true

Solution

Both statements are factual, but the reason for the first census being in 1951 was independence (1947), not merely the 10-year rule.

Q17. Which of the following best distinguishes a delta from an estuary?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा डेल्टा और एश्चुअरी (estuary) के बीच सबसे अच्छा अंतर बताता है?

  1. A. Delta forms by river deposition; estuary by tidal action
  2. B. Delta has deep channels only
  3. C. Estuary always has freshwater only
  4. D. Delta forms only in deserts

Solution

Deltas are formed by deposition of sediment at a river mouth, while estuaries are coastal transition zones mixed by tides.

Q18. Which of the following is a mineral-based industry?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा खनिज आधारित (mineral-based) उद्योग है?

  1. A. Paper
  2. B. Sugar
  3. C. Iron and steel
  4. D. Cotton textiles

Solution

Iron and steel industry relies on mineral ores (iron ore, coal, limestone) as raw materials.

Q19. Identify the group of districts that are NOT an example of industrial districts of India.

उन जिलों के समूह की पहचान करें जो भारत के औद्योगिक जिलों का उदाहरण नहीं हैं।

  1. A. Cuttack and Kota
  2. B. Kanpur and Agra
  3. C. Alwar and Bhiwani
  4. D. Jabalpur and Bhopal

Solution

Alwar and Bhiwani are primarily known for agriculture and traditional trades rather than being classified as major, heavily industrialized core districts compared to the other options.

Q20. Identify a water-harvesting system found in Jaisalmer.

जैसलमेर में पाई जाने वाली जल-संचयन प्रणाली की पहचान करें।

  1. A. Guls
  2. B. Johads
  3. C. Khadins
  4. D. Kuls

Solution

Khadins are traditional rainwater harvesting systems primarily used for agriculture in the arid regions of Rajasthan, specifically Jaisalmer.

Q21. According to the Census of India 2011, the percentage of adolescent population (10-19 years) from the total population is how much?

भारत की 2011 की जनगणना के अनुसार, कुल जनसंख्या में किशोर जनसंख्या (10-19 वर्ष) का प्रतिशत कितना है?

  1. A. 22.9%
  2. B. 21.9%
  3. C. 20.9%
  4. D. 19.9%

Solution

According to the 2011 Census of India, adolescents (aged 10-19 years) constituted about 20.9% of the total population, representing a significant demographic dividend.

Q22. When the analysis of population density is done by calculating it through net cultivated area, then the measure is termed as:

  1. A. Agricultural density
  2. B. Physiological density
  3. C. Gross density
  4. D. Net density

Solution

Physiological density is the number of people per unit area of arable (cultivated) land.

Q23. Which plateaus are very fertile because they are rich in black soil that is very good for farming?

  1. A. African plateau
  2. B. Ethiopian plateau
  3. C. Katanga plateau
  4. D. Deccan lava plateau

Solution

The Deccan Lava Plateau in India is highly fertile due to its rich, moisture-retentive black soil (regur), ideal for cotton farming.

Q24. Which of the following is the largest crustal plate on Earth with an area of over 103,000,000 km²?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन 103,000,000 वर्ग किमी से अधिक क्षेत्रफल वाली पृथ्वी की सबसे बड़ी क्रस्टल प्लेट (crustal plate) है?

  1. A. South American plate
  2. B. African plate
  3. C. Eurasian plate
  4. D. Pacific plate

Solution

The Pacific Plate is the largest tectonic plate on Earth.

Q25. In which state of India is Kund or Tanka used for water harvesting?

  1. A. Rajasthan
  2. B. Andhra Pradesh
  3. C. Uttar Pradesh
  4. D. Punjab

Solution

A Tanka (or Kund) is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique common to the Thar desert region of Rajasthan.

Q26. At what latitude does the easterly jet stream blow over peninsular India during the summer months?

  1. A. 24°N
  2. B. 30°N
  3. C. 14°N
  4. D. 28°N

Solution

During the summer months, the tropical easterly jet stream blows across peninsular India approximately at 14°N latitude.

Q27. In which part of India does the hot wind 'Loo' blow?

  1. A. West and Southwestern
  2. B. North and Northwestern
  3. C. East and Northeastern
  4. D. South and Southwestern

Solution

The 'Loo' is a strong, hot, and dry summer wind that blows over the western Indo-Gangetic Plain region of North India and Pakistan.